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HELIOS EQUATED WITH APOLLON
Apollon was identified with the sun-god Helios by a few early Greek poets and philosophers. However, it was really only the Latin poets, such as Ovid, Virgil and Seneca, who blur the distinction between the two gods. Even here, however, it is worth noting that whereas the sun-god is titled "Phoebus," he is never directly named "Apollo." Further, the same poets who mention Phoebus the sun, often call him "Hyperionides" (the son of Hyperion), and "Titan" (the Titan god) in the same passage. The name "Apollo," on the other hand, "Apollo" is used by these same poets only for non-solar references, i.e. Apollon as the god of music, oracles and poetry, the son of Jove and Latona (Zeus and Leto).
I have included all references by the Latin poets to Phoebus the sun within the Helios rather than Apollon pages. This better coincides with the Greek versions of the myths, for example, Helios, the father of Phaethon, is called Phoebus by Ovid and other Latin poets.
The Greek adjective phoibos (the shining) was frequently used by Greek poets to describe the sun, with no implied reference to Apollon.
E.G. "The sun's bright beams (hêliou phoibêi phlogi)." - Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 22
"That Apollon is the same as the sun and that one god is furnished with two names is made clear to us by the mystical words spoken in the secret initiation rites and by the popular refrain which can be heard everywhere: The sun is Apollon and Apollon is the sun." - Greek Lyric V Folk Songs, Frag 860 (from Heraclitus, Homeric Allegories)
"And you Helios (the Sun), who strike with your bright rays the everlasting heavenly vault, send on our enemies a far-shot arrow from your bowstring, oh ie Paian [Apollon]." - Greek Lyric V Timotheus, Frag 800 (from Macrobius, Saturnalia)
"The unseen land [the Underworld] where Apollon [here the sun] does not walk, the sunless (analion) land that receives all men." - Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 858
"Danaus: Invoke now also that bird of Zeus [i.e. the sun].
Chorus [of Danaides]: We invoke the saving beams of the sun (helios).
Danaus: Pure Apollon, too, who, though a god, was exiled once from heaven." - Aeschylus, Suppliant Women 212
"Both Helios (the Sun) and Selene (the Moon) are closely associated with these [Apollon & Artemis], since they are the causes of the temperature of the air. And both pestilential diseases and sudden deaths are imputed to these gods [Apollon & Artemis]." - Strabo, Geography 14.1.6
"The name Apollo is Greek; they say that he is Sol (the Sun), and Diana they identify with Luna (the Moon); the word Sol being from solus, either because the sun ‘alone’ of all the heavenly bodies is of that magnitude, or because when the sun rises all the stars are dimmed and it ‘alone’ is visible." - Cicero, De Natura Deorum 2.27
"You say that Sol the Sun and Luna the Moon are deities, and the Greeks identify the former with Apollo and the latter with Diana [Artemis]." - Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3.19
从大家常去的theoi.com摘来的,其中有些牵强,但不难看出在希腊人的时代,apollo就有了同helios相混合的意思了 |
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