The sea is calm tonight.
The tide is full, the moon lies fair
Upon the straits; on the French coast the light
Gleams and is gone; the cliffs of England stand,
Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay.
Come to the window, sweet is the night-air!
Only, from the long line of spray
Where the sea meets the moon-blanched land,
Listen! you hear the grating roar
Of pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling,
At their return, up the high strand,
Begin, and cease, and then again begin,
With tremulous cadence slow, and bring
The eternal note of sadness in.
Sophocles long ago
Heard it on the Ægean, and it brought
Into his mind the turbid ebb and flow
Of human misery; we
Find also in the sound a thought,
Hearing it by this distant northern sea.
The Sea of Faith
Was once, too, at the full, and round earth's shore
Lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled.
But now I only hear
Its melancholy, long withdrawing roar,
Retreating, to the breath
Of the night-wind, down the vast edges drear
And naked shingles of the world.
Ah, love, let us be true
To one another! for the world, which seems
To lie before us like a land of dreams,
So various, so beautiful, so new,
Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light,
Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain;
And we are here as on a darkling plain
Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,
Where ignorant armies clash by night.作者: 怀抱花朵的孩子 时间: 2006-5-14 05:58 标题: [转载]倪湛舸的诗评 阿诺德•多佛海滩
2004-9-7 星期二(Tuesday) 晴
Dover Beach-Matthew Arnold
The sea is calm to-night.
The tide is full, the moon lies fair
Upon the straits; -on the French coast the light
Gleams and is gone; the cliffs of England stand,
Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay.
Come to the window, sweet is the night air!
Only, from the long line of spray
Where the sea meets the moon-blanch'd land,
Listen! you hear the grating roar
Of pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling,
At their return, up the high strand,
Begin, and cease, and then again begin,
With tremulous cadence slow, and bring
The eternal note of sadness in.
Sophocles long ago
Heard it on the Aegean, and it brought
Into his mind the turbid ebb and flow
Of human misery; we
Find also in the sound a thought,
Hearing it by this distant northern sea.
The Sea of Faith
Was once, too, at the full, and round earth's shore
Lay like the folds of a bright girdle furl'd.
But now I only hear
Its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar,
Retreating, to the breath
Of the night-wind, down the vast edges drear
And naked shingles of the world.
Ah, love, let us be true
To one another! for the world, which seems
To lie before us like a land of dreams,
So various, so beautiful, so new,
Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light,
Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain;
And we are here as on a darkling plain
Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,
Where ignorant armies clash by night.
对马修•阿诺德,我终究是有特殊感情的。在他的影响下成长,是人生一大幸事,虽然,生性多疑的我总是忍不住地要怀疑:这样的幸运是否是其他意义中的不幸――这不是什么不敬,相反地,只是实践着阿诺德关于“free play of ideas”和“disinterestedness”的教诲。
请容我本着客观公正的态度挑剔一下恩师。阿诺德是二流诗人、一流批评人。即使在于后者,他的批评也只是影响力大于实际价值;而要是说起写诗的阿诺德,则实在有些端庄而近呆拙――说句不好听的,仿佛一个受教育过度的文艺青年,绝对值和不学无术的愤青相当,虽然正负有别。然而,正如智者千虑、必有一失,笨鸟多飞,好歹还是能撞见一两次好风景。阿诺德侥幸邂逅的诗意风景,在我看来,好像有一处叫做“Dover Beach”的,实在不容错过。
Lionel Trilling写了一本厚书讲阿诺德,文采斐然还是其次的,最要紧的是头脑清晰,不仅知识全面,介绍起来更是提纲挈领、深入浅出――又是一位批评人典范,给我无穷激励。Trilling主张阿诺德的最大天分在于“感受”,让人深以为然。这里的“感受”并非风吹草动就伤春悲秋的小心性,借用一下海德格尔,那种感受是有实物有目标的;而阿诺德的感受能力凌驾于某时某地的波澜、直接地就能体验到时代潜流的动向――换句话说,他能洞穿种种喧哗与骚动从而一眼看到深层结构的病症。这既是天分,也多亏了他的境域。
“Dover Beach”是首“感受”之诗。它的文辞(从various一气呵成流转到nor help for pain)、音律(悠长的元音OA、嶙峋的辅音CG)、意境(月光、海浪、思古、忧今)都不可谓不好,但更好的却是这些形式之外的神――即对所谓Zeitgeist的深切感受。在阿诺德“literature is the criticism of life”的教诲下,我对形中之神(即文学所能实现的对生活的批评,或Trilling推崇的感受力)尤其在意,并附带地不屑那些无神之形。然而,拿阿诺德的批评原则来批评阿诺德的创作实践,这却多少是个逻辑上的循环论证,易周全,却少些反思和批判,其实,后者才是我努力的方向――这里,我先挖一下自己的墙脚,为了更加刀枪不入。
与先前的解读不同,我不准备逐句逐行逐字逐音地分解“Dover Beach”。出于实验精神、也为了更全面地把握阿诺德的“感受”,我决定尝试一下从他的生平入手。有几件事值得一提:1.父亲。2.情人。3.人和诗。
关于父亲:马修的父亲Thomas Arnold是主持Rugby School的教育家,所以才熏陶出其子的风雅气度;更值得一提的是父亲的神学思想,和John Henry Newman强调传统的教义说相对立,Thomas Arnold主张全面自由化Church of England。然而,在Newman的厚古和Thomas Arnold的面向未来之间,却存在着一个信仰真空,这个真空的压力,恰恰地落在了马修的肩上。难怪他感慨那个曾经丰饶的“Sea of Faith”现在只余“melancholy, long, withdrawing roar”,而且还在不断消减,越来越弱,弱得低于夜风的呼吸,在这个赤裸裸地堆满石砾的世界上。马修虽然对基督教退潮的现世不满,却很是崇尚希腊风范(也许是和父亲的“现代化”唱反调?),所以invoke先哲Sophocles关于human misery的沉思――这其实只是冰山一角,马修日后的《Culture and Anarchy》还要并列Hebraism和Hellenism,说后者才是文化的象征、我们的希望。至于Hebraism的门人怎么扁他,我就不多言了。
关于情人:这是很有趣的一段公案。阿诺德的早期抒情诗中,有一位叫做Marguerite的法国姑娘,阿诺德和她似乎在瑞士相识,为她饱受相思甚至怀疑之苦,这段恋情最后还是不了了之,惆怅得很。更惆怅的是后世的学者,他们分成两派争论这位Marguerite姑娘究竟真有其人还只是阿诺德笔下的幻影。类似的,关于笛金森是否有男朋友、有几个男朋友、男朋友到底是谁,也有一大票人打得头破血流。这种混水我可不想趟,之所以提起Marguerite,是因为“Dover Beach”中的那句“Ah, love, let us be true/ to one another!”里很明显地有她的影子,更何况阿诺德还提到了遥遥相望的French coast和the cliffs of England。虽然Marguerite之争本身纯属counter-productive,但有人对Marguerite为阿诺德带来的doubt却做出了不乏启发的解释:这种人与人之间的猜忌和疑惑,其实影射着整个时代的信仰缺失。无论最超验的人神关系,还是最亲密的身体之交,哪里都“Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, //Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain”。阿诺德的沉痛之深重,深重得把这一声叹息一鼓作气地隔着行、隔着段落地给吐了出来,真是荡气回肠。
关于人和诗:据说,年轻的阿诺德以精致、挑剔、做作、乃至轻浮闻名,而这位华服美食的花花公子却以“A”的匿名出版了一部叫做《The Strayed Reveller》的诗集(1849),那些诗句的阴郁忧伤让人吃惊――不是吃惊他们的好,可怜阿诺德没那种惊世之才,而是吃惊于人和诗的巨大差异。“Dover Beach”是1867年才出版的,但写作的年代要早得多,大约是1850年吧,在阿诺德二十七八的年纪――那时他还忙着写诗,更有前途的批评事业、以及那些比文学批评更严肃深刻的政治、宗教观点都尚未现形。也就是说,表里如一的阿诺德,在写作“Dover Beach”时并不存在。人和诗的对立仍然是“Dover Beach”不可忽视的背景之一。这倒是引起了我的极大兴趣。
生活与写作的分裂乃至对立,在我看来,是实现极端的途径之一,如果不是最有效的唯一。相比于一条道走到黑的固执,两股力相抗衡的风云似乎更有力量。如果不是有生活中那个优雅欢娱的阿诺德做保险绳,文字里的阿诺德就不可能那么肆无忌惮地往幽暗深渊里跳;而要不是看穿了“darkling plain/ Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,/Where ignorant armies clash by night”的真相,阿诺德也不会在这个“land of dreams”如此尽兴地享受它所谓的广博、优美、和新颖。明知是空,才有倾情;但倾无妨,反正到头来一场空――这里面的运动,仿佛一阴一阳之为道,有阴有阳,才生万千气象。而日后阿诺德渐趋成熟,宗教上的疑惑经历了诗歌、批评、政论的周折,最终又回到新的信仰,于他本人是种成全,然而,优雅还在,却没了游乐之轻逸,深沉也还在,却不再有刻骨的哀绝,真是遗憾。唉,戚戚哀歌的“Dover Beach”从此绝唱,真是遗憾。
# posted by 碧玉舲 @ 2004-09-07 12:21 评论(2)作者: Esprit 时间: 2006-5-17 09:26
想引用楼主的译文,不知译者何人?作者: 小香可 时间: 2006-5-17 14:56
原帖由 Esprit 于 2006-5-17 09:26 发表
想引用楼主的译文,不知译者何人?
不详,来自公共资源,可放心引用。作者: mu 时间: 2006-6-2 21:24
阿诺德除诗歌外,在评论方面也很有建树。发一篇文章: