Abstraet:Both Chen Yinque and Qian Zhongshu are rare academic masters and cultural giants in 20th century China. They have not only astonishing similarities but also outstanding differences in their academic character, research interest, language tool, material foundation, cultural trend, collaboration consciousness, relation of history and poetry, interpretation tendency etc. So looking into the similarities and differences between them, and finding their hidden, regular and successful experiences have great enlightening significance and reference value to modern scholars.